Análisis retrospectivo sobre la extubación en pacientes con patología neurológica aguda / Retrospective analysis on the extubation in patients with acute neurological pathology

Objetivo: Evaluar la idoneidad de la prueba de respiración espontánea para predecir el fracaso de la extubación de pacientes neurológicos y determinar los factores predictivos de fracaso. Diseño: Casos y controles. De enero de 2001 a diciembre de 2010. Ámbito: Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos. Pacientes: Enfermos neurológicos agudos sometidos a ventilación mecánica y posterior extubación. Se excluyeron: pacientes con cirugías neurológicas programadas, con patología neuromuscular, lesión medular, traqueotomía, politraumatismos con predominio de afectación del resto de los sistemas sobre el neurológico, aquellos que murieron en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos o que fueron trasladados. Variables de interés: Tasa de fracaso, infección intrahospitalaria, necesidad de traqueotomía, duración de la ventilación mecánica, estancia en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos y en el hospital, mortalidad en esta Unidad, en el hospital y a los 90 días, y factores asociados al fracaso. Resultados: De 479 pacientes, 208 fueron sometidos a prueba de respiración espontánea y posterior extubación. Cincuenta y cuatro (26%) fracasaron, la tasa de complicaciones, la estancia, la duración de la ventilación mecánica y la mortalidad fueron mayores que en el grupo de éxito. Los pacientes con accidente cerebrovascular [OR 4,256 (IC95% 1,442-12,561), p = 0,009] y necesidad de aspiraciones frecuentes [OR 5,699 (IC95% 1,863-17,432), p = 0,002] son más propensos al fracaso [ROC 0,73 (IC95% 0,628-0,840)]. Conclusiones: Los pacientes neurológicos presentan una elevada tasa de fracaso de la extubación con numerosas complicaciones asociadas y muerte. La prueba de respiración espontánea no predijo el éxito de la extubación. Los pacientes con accidente cerebrovascular y necesidad de aspiraciones frecuentes de secreciones se verían abocados a un mayor fracaso de extubación.(AU)

Objective: To assess the adequacy of the spontaneous breathing test to predict extubation failure in neurological patients undergoing mechanical ventilation and to determine factors associated with extubation failure. Design: Case-control study. Between January 2001 and December 2010. Setting: Intensive Care Unit. Patients: Acute neurological patients who underwent mechanical ventilation and were subsequently extubated. Patients with scheduled neurosurgery intervention, neuromuscular disease, spinal cord injury, tracheotomy, multiple trauma with less neurological damage than in other systems, those who died in the Intensive Care Unit or in hospital or those transferred to other hospital, were excluded. Variables of interest: Extubation failure rate, nosocomial infection, need for tracheostomy, duration of mechanical ventilation, ICU and hospital stay, mortality in the ICU or hospital, and at day 90, as well as failure-related factors. Results: Two-hundred and eight patients underwent spontaneous breathing trial, and were subsequently extubated. Fifty-four (26%) patients failed. Patients who failed extubation had a higher complication rate, received mechanical ventilation for more days, their hospitalization was longer, and the mortality rate was higher than in the success group. Patients with stroke [OR 4.256 (95%CI, 1.442-12.561), p=0.009] and those who required a greater number of aspirations during weaning [OR 5.699 (95%CI, 1.863-17.432), p=0.002] were susceptible to extubation failure [ROC curve 0.73 (0.628-0.840)]. Conclusion: Extubation failure in neurological patients is common and frequently associated with severe complications. The spontaneous breathing trial does not predict a successful extubation. Patients with stroke and those who need frequent aspiration of secretions would be doomed to further failure of extubation(AU)

[Hypothalamic-infundibular histiocytosis: magnetic resonance findings]. / Histiocitosis hipotálamo-infundibular: hallazgos en resonancia magnética.

INTRODUCTION: We report the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of a case of Langerhans cell histiocytosis in the pituitary. Isolated central nervous system involvement is uncommon. CASE REPORT: An eighteen-years old female patient who had an acute onset of central diabetes insipidus because of the Langerhans cell histiocytosis. The MRI evidenced a lesion in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. The hyperintensity in the posterior pituitary lobe, which is seen in normal subjects on T1-weighted images, was absent. The pituitary stalk was thickened and enhanced homogeneously following contrast administration. During the follow-up, the infundibullar lesion extended to the hypothalamic region and other systemic manifestations appeared. Diagnosis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis was confirmed by lung biopsy. After radiotherapy and chemotherapy, MRI showed regression of the hypothalamic-pituitary lesion. CONCLUSION: The combination of these findings, although nonspecific of Langerhans cell histiocytosis, should nevertheless prompt further studies, including chest films, bone scanning and temporal bone computerized tomography in order to narrow the differential diagnosis.

Osificación fisiológicade la hoz del cerebro.Hallazgos en resonancia magnética / Physiological ossification of the falx cerebri. Findings on magnetic resonance

No disponible